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Abstract The text below represents a synthetic report meant to sustain my application for a habilitation title. I repeatedly refer to the important influence exerted on my career by a great scholar, Professor Gheorghe Ivănescu of dating sebastopol ca Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi. A central issue of the whole volume is represented by the successive contributions of the Oriental Fertile Crescent and of the North Pontic area to the making of Southeast Europe as we know it.

The main reason for such preoccupation is that there are parts of the world Romania included for which very long periods are not covered by documents, and under such circumstances vestigial proper names may often represent unique windows to the past. In earlier articles mainly in the ones published in Thraco-Dacica I focused on possible perpetuation of proper names not only from pre-Roman, but also from pre-Indo-European sources.

I paid special attention to categories of substratal names mainly mono- and disyllabic anthroponyms which constitute evidence of a very solid demic basis, of Neolithic origin, in both Anatolia and Southeast Europe.

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Such names can be said to represent a Namenbund that unites the two areas. My main focus is on words that I consider as substratal such as Greek keramos, Romanian băţ, Aromanian lăgamă.

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On the whole, I observe the main theories of the Indo- European domain as well as some views expressed by representatives of the Nostratic School. In it I dating sebastopol ca into consideration both appellatives and proper names that attest to close contacts between Old Germanic populations and natives of the Carpathian-Danubian-Pontic area. Although I have had to face some opposition in both Romania and abroadsince I go against the dominant opinion according to which Romanian contains no Old Germanic elements, several of my articles on the topic under discussion have been published in Germany, USA and Romania dating sebastopol ca they have been quite well received.

I treat OGRs according to words- and-things principles too. For instance, I demonstrate that an extremely important lexical family of Old Germanic origin, namely the one that includes Romanian ban, băni, bănat, bănui and bântui, recalls an archaic juridical system that appears to have dating sebastopol ca introduced into Southeast Europe by Old Germanic intruders.

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2. Удивился же он скорее самой возможности столкнуться с кем-либо реальным в этой покинутой башне, у самой границы неведомого.

I am aware of the fact that to reach a square basis such as the one I have referred to above much time and much effort is needed. Nevertheless, I hope that a sufficient number of young intellectuals will be attracted by the idea of true interdisciplinary study. It remains for academic institutions to create by joint action favorable conditions for such study.

O problemă centrală a întregului volumul este cea reprezentată de contribuţiile succesive ale Semilunii Fertile orientale şi ale zonei Nord Pontice la facerea Europei sud- estice aşa cum o ştim.

Motivul principal al unei asemenea preocupări este că există părţi ale lumii inclusiv România pentru care anumite perioade istorice nu sunt acoperite de documente, iar în asemenea circumstanţe relictele onomastice pot adesea reprezenta unice ferestre spre trecut.

În articole mai dating sebastopol ca mai ales în cele publicate în Thraco-Dacica m-am concentrat pe posibile perpetuări de nume proprii din surse nu doar pre-romane, ci şi pre-indoeuropene. Am acordat o atenţie specială unor categorii de nume proprii mai ales antroponime mono- şi disilabice care constituie evidenţe ale unei solide baze demice, de sorginte neolitică, atât în Anatolia cât şi în sud-estul Europei. Mă concentrez acolo mai ales asupra unor cuvinte pe care le consider a fi de substrat precum grec.

Thebai poate fi susţinută şi de date privitoare la fortificaţii pe vârf de deal din epoca bronzului, care se pare că erau la origini desemnate prin toponime precum cele în discuţie. În plan general, am ţinut cont de principalele teorii din domeniul indoeuropenistic, ca şi de unele vederi ale reprezentanţilor şcolii nostratice.

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În respectivul capitol abordez atât apelative, cât dating sebastopol ca nume proprii care indică strânse contacte între populaţii germanice şi populaţii locale din zona carpato-danubiano-pontică. Deşi a trebuit să fac faţă şi unor opoziţii, având în vedere că merg împotriva opiniei dominante atât în România cât şi în străinătate potrivit căreia româna nu conţine vechi germanisme, mai multe articole ale mele pe tema în discuţie au fost publicate în Germania, SUA şi Româniaele bucurându-se de o bună primire.

Tratez elementele VGR şi conform metodei cvuvinte-şi- lucruri. Printre altele, demonstrez că o extrem de importantă familie lexicală de origine veche germanică, cea care include termenii româneşti ban, băni, bănat, bănui şi bântui, reflectă un sistem juridic arhaic care pare să fi fost introdus în Europa sud-estică de către alogeni vechi germanici.

La nivel schematic, ceea ce propun la rândul meu este o bază-cadrilater de utilitate dating sebastopol ca generalăconstituită prin consistent adaos de argumente arheolingvistice în toate capitolele volumului, al cărui caracter de bază rămâne arheomitologic.

Sunt conştient de faptul că, pentru a ajunge la o bază-cadrilater precum cea la care mă refeream mai sus, e nevoie de mult timp dating sebastopol ca de mult efort. Sper totuşi că se vor găsi suficient de mulţi tineri intelectuali care să fie atraşi de ideea de studiu cu adevărat interdisciplinar.

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Rămâne ca şi instituţiile academice să creeze prin acţiune conjugată condiţii propice unui asemenea tip de studiu. Beginnings — in historical linguistics In accordance with the habilitation provisions included in the new Romanian law of national educationI have written this extended report on my activity and my publications that represent the research direction indicated by the general title above. In the final part of dating sebastopol ca report I will refer to possibilities of further study in the several interrelated academic directions of my own choice.

To begin with, I will first mention that I graduated infrom a faculty of philology; however, my linguistic career proper began in What I taught during the first part of my university career was mainly interpretation of literary texts, stylistics, and much Shakespeare. I was invited to do it, mainly since I could read and speak not only English, but also German, as well as a little Swedish. For all the hard work that followed, I soon grew so fond of my new academic direction that I expanded meciul mondial research from Germanic to Indo-European, with much help and encouragement from a great professor, Gheorghe Ivănescu, whom I consider to be my master in historical linguistics.

Hans-Martin Gauger a specialist in Romance languages and Prof. Herbert Pilch a specialist in general linguistics, as well as in Indo-European studies.

They repeatedly visited my University, and every time they brought with them not only books, but also an air of academic normality, which we badly needed at that time. Iaşi: Casa Editorială Demiurg, which is practically a Romanian revised version of my doctoral thesis ofwritten in English, under the title Basic Dramatic Structures and Imagery with Shakespeare and Voiculescu. He wrote one of the most coherent and comprehensive histories of Romanian Istoria limbii române, Iaşi: Junimea,and he also co-authored with Theofil Simenschy a remarkable Indo-European synthesis, Gramatica comparată a limbilor indoeuropene Bucureşti: Editura Didactică şi Pedagogică, Ivănescu showed much patience and understanding with younger colleagues who showed interest in problems of historical linguistics.

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The article Poruciucrecommended by Ivănescu for publication focused not only on etymology and historical linguistics, but also on a series of religious-mythological figures, including Hittite Istanus, Hungarian Isten, Old Norse Thunarr and Turkic Tanrı. Unfortunately, was also the year in which Ivănescu passed away. Ivănescu was a quite complex personality, and he may have been uncomfortable for many, but, scientifically speaking, he undoubtedly was a hero of academic thought.

Speaking of the same stage of my career, I must now observe that, without really being aware of it at that moment, in preparing the above-mentioned article of I already approached Indo-European issues from an interdisciplinary standpoint, since I dealt not only with language proper, but also with mythology.

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At that time, I had no idea that by my first linguistic article I opened a line that I was to develop later in the two fields now known as archaeolinguistics and archaeomythology. I was practically getting out of the Indo-European mainstream, since I tackled possible connections with Sumerian, Turkic and Finno-Ugrian. In regard to dating sebastopol ca root, and with direct reference to the Hittite theonym Istanus, I assumed an Indo-European origin for the Hungarian name of the Christian God, Isten a word still considered to be of obscure origin.

I mention it also since my seeming failure turned into an opportunity for me to witness — and to benefit from — a rare act of academic solidarity: a well-known Romanian archaeologist, Prof. But, taking into consideration the long-lasting Central Asian Iranoid tradition of ritual-commemorative stelae cf.

Cicerone Poghirc, who, at that time as a Romanian exiletaught historical linguistics in France and Germany. We may assume that any implement has four principal features: 1 material, 2 shape, 3 function, 4 name.

In historical linguistics, the change from one phoneme to another should not be regarded as a simultaneous change of all the distinctive features dating sebastopol ca the earlier phoneme e. Similarly, we may assume that, from the Stone Age to our times, one or several features of some tool or weapon may have survived, whereas others have changed several times: e. It appears that shape and name may be considered as the most constant features: the former because it is dictated by usage, or rather by physical possibilities of the implement itself and of the human body, which wields itthe latter because language proves many times to be more conservative than its limewire dating, even though a word may have passed through several languages before reaching us.

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My special focus was on axes with names of the tapar type, to which the famous Cretan double axe, λάβρσς Mycenaean da-pu-ri-also belongs. My conclusive statements were based on data from both historical linguistics and archaeology. Grimm, H. Osthoff and O. It was also during the historic year when I tried very hard to send a twenty-page article to America, in response to an invitation from Marija Gimbutas.

The late Prof. Although he knew the Romanian secret police Securitate kept a permanent eye on him, he accepted to take a copy of my article and to smuggle it to the United States. In that article Poruciuc a — againwithout knowing it — I foreshadowed my own kind of archaeolinguistics as well as of archaeomythology, which I would promote in the subsequent period.

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That is why I will say a few more things on Poruciuc a. First of all I had to demonstrate that the Germanic terms under discussion were cognates taking into account that there is sufficient proof of the fact that red paint did represent a kind of magic protection, in Europe as well as many other parts of the world, throughout millennia.

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Then I also had to show what chances there were for a Romanian term such as teafăr to be related to those Germanic terms. Although in the final part of Poruciuc a I was rather hesitant in my conclusions, in a subsequent Romanian variant of the article included in my volume of — see belowI more firmly sustained the idea of an Old Germanic origin of Romanian teafăr. Actually, Poruciuc a also announced what I would have to say, as a linguist, in 8 As I will mention in more detail, below, I first met Marija Gimbutas inwhen she came to Iaşi to participate in an international conference on the prehistoric Cucuteni culture.

Notably, in the last respect, I found much support p. It was Caraman who in the same study demonstrated that body- painting and tattooing actually represent one and the same ritual act.

My university career as well as certain secondary institutional affiliations required coverage of other lines of study too, as indicated below.

He died in and he left behind an impressive quantity of unpublished materials. Firstly, my grant was for research in Indo-European studies as well as in Southeast European traditional culture. Moreover, I had the opportunity to deliver papers at various congresses, colloquiums and symposiums, in Chicago as well as in Washington, DC Georgetown UniversityColumbus OhioEvansville Indiana and, last but not least, Los Angeles Californiawhere I had the opportunity to meet Marija Gimbutas in person again.

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At UCLA I participated in two of the annual conferences and organized by representatives of their interdisciplinary Indo-European center. The papers I delivered at the two conferences subsequently turned into articles that I published in The Mankind Quarterly and Thraco-Dacica see Poruciuc and a, respectively.

An article based on that presentation was to be published long after my return to Romania see Poruciuc c discussed in chapter IV below. Although the author sometimes relies perhaps too much on such disputed views as those of Lahovary, Hubschmid and Furnée on the pre-Indo-European languages of ancient Europe, his discussion of the facts is both challenging and stimulating. I consider that — for all their flaws, mainly in details — LahovaryHubschmid and Furnée still knutz dating site attentive study.

The last sentences of Poruciuc express my views on the Indo-European phenomenon and on certain approaches to it p. But, at the same time, dating sebastopol ca must beware of the more recent autochthonist-immobilist extreme, with its unnaturally neat vision dating sebastopol ca internal development. To note is also my return to the distinctive-feature model, this time applied not to prehistoric implements, but to identity units of the ethnos type.

The distinctive features or factors I took into consideration, in Poruciuc 13, were the following: … a demographic-anthropological structure; b traditional culture commonly comprising multiple-source elements […] ; c ideology which, especially in recent times, may show a contrast between folk beliefs and literate-official, or activist-nationalist views ; d religion a very important factor for ethnic unity in prehistoric and early historical times ; e territory whose importance depended on differences in subsistence systems […] ; f language a number-one factor […]; as a rule, language-shift also implies change in ethnic identity.

In PoruciucI chose the Romanian ethnos as an illustrative result of the complicated ethno- and glottogenetic development of Southeast Europe, between the Copper-Stone Age and the Middle Ages; and it was by Romanian examples that I demonstrated both the important role of substratal survivals and the efficiency of the approach that I later regard as representing either archaeolinguistics or archaeomythology, or both.

In the fall ofthe directo.